CG Programmes....
Computer Graphics Programs for SE Computer Engineering Stud
Sr. No.
Name of Assignment
Software Used
Group A (Compulsory)
1.
Writing a C/C++ Program to emulate CPU Architecture (Central Bus) Develop register, ALU level GUI to display results.
MASM64x
Eclipse
TC++
2.
Writing a C++ class for displaying pixel or point on the screen.
3.
Write a C++ class for a Line drawing method using overloading DDA and Bresenham’s Algorithms, inheriting the pixel or point.
4.
Write a C++ class for a circle drawing inheriting line class.
Group B (At least Six)
5
Write a program in C/C++ to draw a circle of desired radius.
Eclipse
TC++
VC++
6
Write a program using C/C++ to draw a line with line styles (Thick, Thin, Dotted).
7
Write a program in Java/ Python to draw a line with line style (Thick, Thin, Dotted).
8
Write a C/C++ program to draw a convex polygons (Square, Rectangle, Triangle).
9
Write a C/C++ program to draw a convex polygons (Square, Rectangle, Triangle) using programmable edges.
10
Write a program in Java to draw a concave polygon.
11
Write a C/C++ program to fill polygon using scan line algorithm.
EXTRA
Write a Java/Python program to fill polygon using scan line algorithm.
EXTRA
Write a program in C++ to test that given point is inside the polygon.
EXTRA
Write a program in to draw a circle of desired radius using VC++ 12 or above. Use of BITBLT command is expected.
Group C: Advanced Technology Programming (At least One)
12
Use OpenGL ES to draw a line for Android Mobile.
OpenGL ES
VRML
Direct3D
Maya
Cuda C++
EXTRA
Use VRML to draw a line Diagram.
EXTRA
Use Direct3D/Maya or open source equivalent to draw a Bouncing ball animation.
EXTRA
Use Parallel programming using Cuda to draw polygon.
...............................................................................................
Assignment no: 01
//Aim:Writing a C/C++ Program to emulate CPU Architecture (Central Bus) Develop register, ALU level GUI to display results.
#include<iostream>
#include<graphics.h>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int x,y;
int poly[10];
int gd=DETECT,gm=VGAMAX;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,NULL);
setcolor(WHITE);
poly[0]= 50;
poly[1]= 50;
poly[2]= 600;
poly[3]= 50;
poly[4]= 600;
poly[5]= 600;
poly[6]= 50;
poly[7]= 600;
poly[8]=poly[0];
poly[9]=poly[1];
drawpoly(5,poly);
rectangle(65,100,150,140);
outtextxy(95,115,"ALU");
line(150,120,180,120);
rectangle(180,100,380,140);
outtextxy(200,120,"SEQUENCE CONTROLLER");
rectangle(410,100,550,160);
outtextxy(422,107,"GENERAL");
outtextxy(422,122,"PURPOSE");
outtextxy(422,136,"REGISTER");
rectangle(410,220,550,250);
outtextxy(422,228,"CACHE MEMORY");
rectangle(210,180,350,220);
outtextxy(240,190,"PROGRAM");
outtextxy(240,205,"COUNTER");
line(280,140,280,180);
rectangle(65,280,200,250);
outtextxy(85,255,"INSTRUCTION");
outtextxy(85,268,"REGISTER");
rectangle(65,340,200,310);
outtextxy(85,315,"INSTRUCTION");
outtextxy(85,328," DECODER");
line(50,420,600,420);
line(50,450,600,450);
outtextxy(220,430,"ADDRESS & DATA BUS");
outtextxy(190,460,"BASIC ARCHITECTURE OF CPU");
line(105,140,105,250);
line(260,380,260,420);
line(320,380,320,420);
delay(10000);
closegraph();
return 0;
}
........................................................................................................
Assignment no: 02
//Aim:Writing a C++ class for displaying pixel or point on the screen.
#include<iostream>
#include<graphics.h>
using namespace std;
class pixel
{
private:
int xc,yc,cl;
public:
pixel()
{
xc=yc=0;
cl=15;
}
void setcor(int x,int y)
{
xc=x;
yc=y;
}
void setcolor(int p)
{
cl=p;
}
void draw()
{
putpixel(xc,yc,cl);
}
};
int main()
{
int x1,y1,cl1,ch;
char a;
int gd=DETECT,gm=VGAMAX;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,NULL);
pixel p1;
do
{
cout<<" 1.PIXEL BY HARDCOADED VALUE..";
cout<<"\n2.ACCEPTING CO-ORDINATES..";
cout<<"\n3.DRAWING PIXEL ON SCREEN..";
cout<<"\nEnter your choice??";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
p1.setcor(50,50);
p1.setcolor(2);
p1.draw();
break;
case 2:
cout<<"\nEnter Your X & Y co-ordinates??";
cin>>x1>>y1;
p1.setcor(x1,y1);
cout<<"\nEnter Color For Pixel??";
cin>>cl1;
p1.setcolor(cl1);
break;
case 3:
p1.draw();
break;
}
cout<<"\nDO U Want To Continue y OR n??";
cin>>a;
}while(a!='n');
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
--------------------------------------------------------
OUTPUT:
aman@aman-VirtualBox:~/Desktop/04$ g++ a02.cpp -o a02 -lgraph
aman@aman-VirtualBox:~/Desktop/04$ ./a02
1.PIXEL BY HARDCOADED VALUE..
2.ACCEPTING CO-ORDINATES..
3.DRAWING PIXEL ON SCREEN..
Enter your choice
1
DO U Want To Continue y OR n??y
1.PIXEL BY HARDCOADED VALUE..
2.ACCEPTING CO-ORDINATES..
3.DRAWING PIXEL ON SCREEN..
Enter your choice??2
Enter Your X & Y co-ordinates??50
100
Enter Color For Pixel??4
DO U Want To Continue y OR n??y
1.PIXEL BY HARDCOADED VALUE..
2.ACCEPTING CO-ORDINATES..
3.DRAWING PIXEL ON SCREEN..
Enter your choice??3
DO U Want To Continue y OR n??n
.............................................................................................
Assignment no: 03
//Write a C++ class for a Line drawing method using overloading DDA and Bresenham’s Algorithms, inheriting the pixel or point.
#include<graphics.h>
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class pt //base class
{
protected: int xco,yco,color;
public:
pt()
{
xco=0;yco=0;color=15;
}
void setco(int x,int y)
{
xco=x;
yco=y;
}
void setcolor(int c)
{
color=c;
}
void draw()
{ putpixel(xco,yco,color);
}
};
class dline: public pt //derived class
{
private: int x2,y2;
public:
dline():pt()
{
x2=0,y2=0;
}
void setline(int x, int y, int xx, int yy)
{
pt::setco(x,y);
x2=xx;
y2=yy;
}
void drawl() //Bresenham's Line
{
float x,y,dx,dy,e,temp;
int i,s1,s2,ex;
dx=abs(x2-xco);
dy=abs(y2-yco);
x=xco;
y=yco;
pt::setco(x,y);
pt::draw();
if(x2 > xco) //sign() function
{
s1=1;
}
if(x2 < xco)
{
s1=-1;
}
if(x2 == xco)
{
s1=0;
}
if(y2 > yco)
{
s2=1;
}
if(y2 < yco)
{
s2=-1;
}
if(y2 == yco)
{
s2=0;
}
if(dy > dx)
{
temp = dx;
dx = dy;
dy = temp;
ex = 1;
}
else
{
ex=0;
}
e=2*dy-dx; //decision variable
i=1;
do
{
while(e>=0)
{
if(ex==1)
{
x = x + s1;
}
else
{
y = y + s2;
}
e = e + 2*dy - 2*dx;
}
if(ex==1)
{
y = y + s2;
}
else
{
x = x + s1;
}
e = e + 2*dy;
pt::setco(x,y);
pt::draw();
i = i + 1;
}while(i<=dx);
}
void drawl(int colour) //DDA Line
{
float x,y,dx,dy,len;
int i;
pt::setcolor(colour);
dx=abs(x2-xco);
dy=abs(y2-yco);
if(dx >= dy)
{
len=dx;
}
else
{
len=dy;
}
dx=(x2-xco)/len;
dy=(y2-yco)/len;
x = xco + 0.5;
y = yco + 0.5;
i=1;
while(i<=len)
{
pt::setco(x,y);
pt::draw();
x = x + dx;
y = y + dy;
i = i + 1;
cout<<"\ti"<<i;
cout<<"\tx"<<x;
cout<<"\ty "<<y<<endl;
}
pt::setco(x,y);
pt::draw();
}
};
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm=VGAMAX;
int ch,x1,y1,x2,y2, xmax,ymax,xmid,ymid;
char a;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,NULL);
pt p;
dline dda;
xmax = getmaxx();
ymax = getmaxy();
xmid = xmax /2;
ymid = ymax /2;
line(xmid,0,xmid,ymax); //Y co-ordinate
line(0,ymid,xmax,ymid); //X co-ordinate
do
{
xmax = getmaxx();
ymax = getmaxy();
xmid = xmax /2;
ymid = ymax /2;
cout<<"1.DDA LINE..";
cout<<"\n2.BRESENHAM'S LINE..";
cout<<"\n3.EXIT..";
cout<<"\nEnter your choice: ";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
cout<<"\n Enter x1: "; cin>>x1;
cout<<"\n Enter y1: "; cin>>y1;
cout<<"\n Enter x2: "; cin>>x2;
cout<<"\n Enter y2: "; cin>>y2;
dda.setline(x1+xmid,ymid-y1,x2+xmid,ymid-y2);
dda.drawl(15);
break;
case 2:
cout<<"\n Enter x1: "; cin>>x1;
cout<<"\n Enter y1: "; cin>>y1;
cout<<"\n Enter x2: "; cin>>x2;
cout<<"\n Enter y2: "; cin>>y2;
dda.setline(x1+xmid,ymid-y1,x2+xmid,ymid-y2);
dda.drawl();
break;
case 3:
exit;
break;
}
cout<<"\nDO U Want To Continue y OR n: ";
cin>>a;
}while(a!='n');
delay(3000);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assignment no: 04
//Aim:Write a C++ class for a circle drawing inheriting line class.
#include<graphics.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;
class dline //base class
{
protected: int x1,y1,x2,y2, colour;
public:
dline()
{
x1=0; y1=0; x2=0, y2=0;
}
void setcolor(int color)
{
colour =color;
}
void setline(float x1,float y1, float xx,float yy)
{
x1=x1; y1=y1; x2=xx, y2=yy;
}
void drawl(float x1,float y1, float xx,float yy) //Simple DDA Line
{
float x,y,dx,dy,len;
int i;
dx=abs(x2-x1);
dy=abs(y2-y1);
if(dx >= dy)
{
len=dx;
}
else
{
len=dy;
}
dx=(x2-x1)/len;
dy=(y2-y1)/len;
x = x1 + 0.5;
y = y1 + 0.5;
i=1;
while(i<=len)
{
putpixel(x,y,colour);
x = x + dx;
y = y + dy;
i = i + 1;
}
}
};
class mcircle:public dline
{
private: int x0,y0;
public:
mcircle():dline()
{
x0=0;y0=0;
}
void drawc(float x1, float y1, int r)
{
int i, x, y;
float d;
x=0, y=r;
d = 1.25 - r; //decision variabel
dline::setline(x,y,x,y);
do
{
dline::drawl(x1+x, y1+y,x1+x, y1+y);
dline::drawl(x1+y, y1+x,x1+y, y1+x);
dline::drawl(x1+y, y1-x,x1+y, y1-x);
dline::drawl(x1+x, y1-y,x1+x, y1-y);
dline::drawl(x1-x, y1-y,x1-x, y1-y);
dline::drawl(x1-y, y1-x,x1-y, y1-x);
dline::drawl(x1-y, y1+x,x1-y, y1+x);
dline::drawl(x1-x, y1+y,x1-x, y1+y);
if(d<0)
{
x = x + 1;
d = d + (2*x) + 3;
}
else
{
x = x + 1;
y = y - 1;
d = d + (2*x-2*y) + 3;
}
}while(x<=y);
}
};
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm=VGAMAX;
int i, x, y, r, xmax,ymax,xmid,ymid;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,NULL);
dline l;
mcircle c;
cout<<"\n Enter x: "; cin>>x;
cout<<"\n Enter y: "; cin>>y;
cout<<"\n Enter radius: "; cin>>r;
l.setcolor(15);
c.drawc(x,y,r);
delay(3000);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
................................................................................................................................
#include<graphics.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;
class dline //base class
{
protected: int x0,y0,x1,y1,x2,y2, colour;
public:
dline()
{
x1=0; y1=0; x2=0, y2=0;
}
void setcolor(int color)
{
colour =color;
}
void setoff1(int xx,int yy)
{
x0=xx;
y0=yy;
}
void setline(float x1,float y1, float xx,float yy)
{
x1=x1+x0; y1=y0-y1; x2=xx+x0, y2=y0-yy;
}
void drawl(float x1,float y1, float xx,float yy) //Simple DDA Line
{
float x,y,dx,dy,len;
int i;
dx=abs(x2-x1);
dy=abs(y2-y1);
if(dx >= dy)
{
len=dx;
}
else
{
len=dy;
}
dx=(x2-x1)/len;
dy=(y2-y1)/len;
x = x1 + 0.5;
y = y1 + 0.5;
putpixel(x,y,colour);
x = x + dx;
y = y + dy;
}
};
class mcircle:public dline
{
private: int x0,y0;
public:
mcircle():dline()
{
x0=0;y0=0;
}
void setoff(int xx,int yy)
{
x0=xx;
y0=yy;
}
void drawc(float x1, float y1, int r)
{
int i, x, y;
float d;
x=0, y=r;
d = 1.25 - r; //decision variabel
dline::setline(x,y,x,y);
do
{
dline::drawl(x1+x0+x, y0-y1+y,x1+x0+x, y0-y1+y);
dline::drawl(x1+x0+y, y0-y1+x,x1+x0+y, y0-y1+x);
dline::drawl(x1+x0+y, y0-y1-x,x1+x0+y, y0-y1-x);
dline::drawl(x1+x0+x, y0-y1-y,x1+x0+x, y0-y1-y);
dline::drawl(x1+x0-x, y0-y1-y,x1+x0-x, y0-y1-y);
dline::drawl(x1+x0-y, y0-y1-x,x1+x0-y, y0-y1-x);
dline::drawl(x1+x0-y, y0-y1+x,x1+x0-y, y0-y1+x);
dline::drawl(x1+x0-x, y0-y1+y,x1+x0-x, y0-y1+y);
if(d<0)
{
x = x + 1;
d = d + (2*x) + 3;
}
else
{
x = x + 1;
y = y - 1;
d = d + (2*x-2*y) + 3;
}
}while(x<=y);
}
};
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm=VGAMAX;
int i, x, y, r, xmax,ymax,xmid,ymid;
char a;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,NULL);
dline l;
mcircle c;
xmax = getmaxx();
ymax = getmaxy();
xmid = xmax /2;
ymid = ymax /2;
line(xmid,0,xmid,ymax); //Y co-ordinate
line(0,ymid,xmax,ymid); //X co-ordinate
do
{
cout<<"\n Enter x: "; cin>>x;
cout<<"\n Enter y: "; cin>>y;
cout<<"\n Enter radius: "; cin>>r;
c.setoff(xmid, ymid);
l.setoff1(xmid, ymid);
l.setcolor(15);
c.drawc(x,y,r);
cout<<"\nDO U Want To Continue y OR n: ";
cin>>a;
}while(a!='n');
delay(3000);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assignment no: 05
//Aim:Write a program in C/C++ to draw a circle of desired radius.
#include<graphics.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;
class dcircle
{
private: int x0,y0;
public:
dcircle()
{
x0=0;y0=0;
}
void setoff(int xx,int yy)
{
x0=xx;
y0=yy;
}
void drawdc(float x, float y, int r) //DDA Circle
{
float x1,y1,x2,y2,startx,starty,ep;
int i,val;
x1=r*cos(0); //Initialize starting point
y1=r*sin(0);
startx = x1;
starty = y1;
i=0;
do
{
val = pow(2,i);
i++;
}while(val<r);
ep = 1/pow(2,i-1); //calculation of epsilon
do
{
x2 = x1 + y1*ep;
y2 = y1 - x2*ep;
putpixel(x0+x+x2, y0-(y+y2),15);
x1 = x2;
y1 = y2;
}while((y1 - starty) < ep || (startx - x1) > ep);
}
void drawbc(int x1, int y1, int r) //Bresenham's Circle
{
int i, x, y;
float d;
x=0, y=r;
d = 3 - 2*r; //decision variable
do
{
putpixel(x1+x0+x, y0-y1+y,15);
putpixel(x1+x0+y, y0-y1+x,15);
putpixel(x1+x0+y, y0-y1-x,15);
putpixel(x1+x0+x, y0-y1-y,15);
putpixel(x1+x0-x, y0-y1-y,15);
putpixel(x1+x0-y, y0-y1-x,15);
putpixel(x1+x0-y, y0-y1+x,15);
putpixel(x1+x0-x, y0-y1+y,15);
if(d<=0)
{
x = x + 1;
d = d + (4*x) + 6;
}
else
{
x = x + 1;
y = y - 1;
d = d + (4*x-4*y) + 10;
}
}while(x<=y);
}
void drawmc(float x1, float y1, int r) // Mid point Circle
{
int i, x, y;
float d;
x=0, y=r;
d = 1.25 - r; //decision variable
do
{
putpixel(x1+x0+x, y0-y1+y,15);
putpixel(x1+x0+y, y0-y1+x,15);
putpixel(x1+x0+y, y0-y1-x,15);
putpixel(x1+x0+x, y0-y1-y,15);
putpixel(x1+x0-x, y0-y1-y,15);
putpixel(x1+x0-y, y0-y1-x,15);
putpixel(x1+x0-y, y0-y1+x,15);
putpixel(x1+x0-x, y0-y1+y,15);
if(d<0)
{
x = x + 1;
d = d + (2*x) + 3;
}
else
{
x = x + 1;
y = y - 1;
d = d + (2*x-2*y) + 5;
}
}while(x<=y);
}
};
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm=VGAMAX;
int i, x, y, r,ch, xmax,ymax,xmid,ymid;
float a,b;
char ans;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, NULL);
dcircle c1;
xmax = getmaxx();
ymax = getmaxy();
xmid = xmax /2;
ymid = ymax /2;
line(xmid,0,xmid,ymax); //Y co-ordinate
line(0,ymid,xmax,ymid); //X co-ordinate
do
{
cout<<"\nEnter Cricle Drwaing algorithm";
cout<<"\n1.DDA..";
cout<<"\n2.BRESENHAM'S..";
cout<<"\n3.MID POINT..";
cout<<"\n4.EXIT..";
cout<<"\nEnter your choice: ";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
{
cout<<"\n Enter x: "; cin>>a;
cout<<"\n Enter y: "; cin>>b;
cout<<"\n Enter radius: "; cin>>r;
c1.setoff(xmid, ymid);
setcolor(15);
c1.drawdc(a,b,r);
break;
}
case 2:
{
cout<<"\n Enter x: "; cin>>x;
cout<<"\n Enter y: "; cin>>y;
cout<<"\n Enter radius: "; cin>>r;
c1.setoff(xmid, ymid);
setcolor(15);
c1.drawbc(x,y,r);
break;
}
case 3:
{
cout<<"\n Enter x: "; cin>>x;
cout<<"\n Enter y: "; cin>>y;
cout<<"\n Enter radius: "; cin>>r;
c1.setoff(xmid, ymid);
setcolor(15);
c1.drawmc(x,y,r);
break;
}
case 4:
exit;
break;
}
cout<<"\nDO U Want To Continue y OR n: ";
cin>>ans;
}while(ans!='n');
delay(3000);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
/*
aman@aman-VirtualBox:~/Downloads/cgprogram012$ g++ 5.cpp -o 5 -lgraph
aman@aman-VirtualBox:~/Downloads/cgprogram012$ ./5
Enter Cricle Drwaing algorithm
1.DDA..
2.BRESENHAM'S..
3.MID POINT..
4.EXIT..
Enter your choice: [xcb] Unknown sequence number while processing queue
[xcb] Most likely this is a multi-threaded client and XInitThreads has not been called
[xcb] Aborting, sorry about that.
5: ../../src/xcb_io.c:274: poll_for_event: Assertion `!xcb_xlib_threads_sequence_lost' failed.
1
Enter x: 100
Enter y: 100
Enter radius: 50
DO U Want To Continue y OR n: y
Enter Cricle Drwaing algorithm
1.DDA..
2.BRESENHAM'S..
3.MID POINT..
4.EXIT..
Enter your choice: 2
Enter x: -100
Enter y: -100
Enter radius: 60
DO U Want To Continue y OR n: y
Enter Cricle Drwaing algorithm
1.DDA..
2.BRESENHAM'S..
3.MID POINT..
4.EXIT..
Enter your choice: 3
Enter x: -100
Enter y: 100
Enter radius: 80
DO U Want To Continue y OR n: n */
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assignment no: 06
//Aim:Write a program using C/C++ to draw a line with line styles (Thick, Thin, Dotted).
//Line styles using DDA
#include<graphics.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;
class pt //base class
{
protected: int xco,yco,color;
public:
pt()
{
xco=0;yco=0;color=15;
}
void setco(int x,int y)
{
xco=x;
yco=y;
}
void setcolor(int c)
{
color=c;
}
void draw()
{ putpixel(xco,yco,color);
}
};
class dline: public pt //derived class
{
private: int x2,y2;
public:
dline():pt()
{
x2=0,y2=0;
}
void setline(int x, int y, int xx, int yy)
{
pt::setco(x,y);
x2=xx;
y2=yy;
}
void drawsi(int colour) //Simple DDA Line
{
float x,y,dx,dy,len;
int i;
pt::setcolor(colour);
dx=abs(x2-xco);
dy=abs(y2-yco);
if(dx >= dy)
{
len=dx;
}
else
{
len=dy;
}
dx=(x2-xco)/len;
dy=(y2-yco)/len;
x = xco + 0.5;
y = yco + 0.5;
i=1;
while(i<=len)
{
pt::setco(x,y);
pt::draw();
x = x + dx;
y = y + dy;
i = i + 1;
}
pt::setco(x,y);
pt::draw();
}
void drawda(int colour) //Dash DDA Line
{
float x,y,dx,dy,len;
int i,dash_pixel=0, dash_space=0;
pt::setcolor(colour);
dx=abs(x2-xco);
dy=abs(y2-yco);
if(dx >= dy)
{
len=dx;
}
else
{
len=dy;
}
dx=(x2-xco)/len;
dy=(y2-yco)/len;
x = xco + 0.5;
y = yco + 0.5;
i=1;
while(i<=len)
{
dash_pixel=0;
while(dash_pixel<5)
{
pt::setco(x,y);
pt::draw();
x = x + dx;
y = y + dy;
i = i + 1;
dash_pixel = dash_pixel +1;
}
dash_space=0;
while(dash_space<=2)
{
x = x + dx;
y = y + dy;
i = i + 1;
dash_space = dash_space +1;
}
}
}
void drawdo(int colour) //Dotted DDA Line
{ float x,y,dx,dy,len;
int i,dot_space;
pt::setcolor(colour);
dx=abs(x2-xco);
dy=abs(y2-yco);
if(dx >= dy)
{
len=dx;
}
else
{
len=dy;
}
dx=(x2-xco)/len;
dy=(y2-yco)/len;
x = xco + 0.5;
y = yco + 0.5;
i=1;
while(i<=len)
{
dot_space=0;
while(dot_space<=1)
{
x = x + dx;
y = y + dy;
i = i + 1;
dot_space = dot_space +1;
}
pt::setco(x,y);
pt::draw();
}
}
void drawth(int x1,int y1, int x2, int y2,int colour ) //Thick DDA Line
{
float x,y,dx,dy,len;
int i;
dx=abs(x2-x1);
dy=abs(y2-y1);
if(dx >= dy)
{ len=dx;
}
else
{ len=dy;
}
dx=(x2-x1)/len;
dy=(y2-y1)/len;
x = x1 + 0.5;
y = y1 + 0.5;
i=1;
while(i<=len)
{ putpixel(x,y,colour);
x = x + dx;
y = y + dy;
i = i + 1;
}
putpixel(x,y,colour);
}
};
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm=VGAMAX;
int i, ch,x1,y1,x2,y2, dx,dy,xmax,ymax,xmid,ymid,wx,wy,th;
char a;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,NULL);
dline ls;
xmax = getmaxx();
ymax = getmaxy();
xmid = xmax /2;
ymid = ymax /2;
line(xmid,0,xmid,ymax); //Y co-ordinate
line(0,ymid,xmax,ymid); //X co-ordinate
do
{ xmax = getmaxx();
ymax = getmaxy();
xmid = xmax /2;
ymid = ymax /2;
cout<<"\nEnter Line Styles";
cout<<"\n1.SIMPLE..";
cout<<"\n2.DASH..";
cout<<"\n3.DOTTED..";
cout<<"\n4.THICK..";
cout<<"\n5.EXIT..";
cout<<"\nEnter your choice: ";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
cout<<"\n Enter x1: "; cin>>x1;
cout<<"\n Enter y1: "; cin>>y1;
cout<<"\n Enter x2: "; cin>>x2;
cout<<"\n Enter y2: "; cin>>y2;
ls.setline(x1+xmid,ymid-y1,x2+xmid,ymid-y2);
ls.drawsi(15);
break;
case 2:
cout<<"\n Enter x1: "; cin>>x1;
cout<<"\n Enter y1: "; cin>>y1;
cout<<"\n Enter x2: "; cin>>x2;
cout<<"\n Enter y2: "; cin>>y2;
ls.setline(x1+xmid,ymid-y1,x2+xmid,ymid-y2);
ls.drawda(15);
break;
case 3:
cout<<"\n Enter x1: "; cin>>x1;
cout<<"\n Enter y1: "; cin>>y1;
cout<<"\n Enter x2: "; cin>>x2;
cout<<"\n Enter y2: "; cin>>y2;
ls.setline(x1+xmid,ymid-y1,x2+xmid,ymid-y2);
ls.drawdo(15);
break;
case 4:
cout<<"\n Enter x1: "; cin>>x1;
cout<<"\n Enter y1: "; cin>>y1;
cout<<"\n Enter x2: "; cin>>x2;
cout<<"\n Enter y2: "; cin>>y2;
cout<<"Enter Thickness: ";
cin>>th;
ls.drawth(x1+xmid,ymid-y1,x2+xmid,ymid-y2,15);
if((y2-y1)/(x2-x1) <1)
{
wy=(th-1)*sqrt(pow((x2-x1),2)+pow((y2-y1),2))/(2*abs(x2-x1));
for(i=0;i<wy;i++)
{
ls.drawth(x1+xmid,ymid-y1-i,x2+xmid,ymid-y2-i,15);
ls.drawth(x1+xmid,ymid-y1+i,x2+xmid,ymid-y2+i,15);
}
}
else
{
wx=(th-1)*sqrt(pow((x2-x1),2)+pow((y2-y1),2))/(2*abs(y2-y1));
for(i=0;i<wx;i++)
{
ls.drawth(x1+xmid-i,ymid-y1,x2+xmid-i,ymid-y2,15);
ls.drawth(x1+xmid+i,ymid-y1,x2+xmid+i,ymid-y2,15);
}
}
break;
case 5:
exit;
break;
}
cout<<"\nDO U Want To Continue y OR n: ";
cin>>a;
}while(a!='n');
delay(3000);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
/*
aman@aman-VirtualBox:~/Downloads/cgprogram012$ ./a05
Enter Line Styles
1.SIMPLE..
2.DASH..
3.DOTTED..
4.THICK..
5.EXIT..
Enter your choice:1
Enter x1: 10
Enter y1: 10
Enter x2: 60
Enter y2: 60
DO U Want To Continue y OR n: y
Enter Line Styles
1.SIMPLE..
2.DASH..
3.DOTTED..
4.THICK..
5.EXIT..
Enter your choice: 2
Enter x1: -10
Enter y1: 10
Enter x2: -80
Enter y2: 80
DO U Want To Continue y OR n: y
Enter Line Styles
1.SIMPLE..
2.DASH..
3.DOTTED..
4.THICK..
5.EXIT..
Enter your choice: 3
Enter x1: -10
Enter y1: -10
Enter x2: -100
Enter y2: -100
DO U Want To Continue y OR n: y
Enter Line Styles
1.SIMPLE..
2.DASH..
3.DOTTED..
4.THICK..
5.EXIT..
Enter your choice: 4
Enter x1: 10
Enter y1: -10
Enter x2: 100
Enter y2: -100
Enter Thickness: 10
DO U Want To Continue y OR n: n */
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//line styles using Bresenham's algo
#include<graphics.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;
class pt //base class
{
protected: int xco,yco,color;
public:
pt()
{
xco=0;yco=0;color=15;
}
void setco(int x,int y)
{
xco=x;
yco=y;
}
void setcolor(int c)
{
color=c;
}
void draw()
{ putpixel(xco,yco,color);
}
};
class dline: public pt //derived class
{
private: int x2,y2;
public:
dline():pt()
{
x2=0,y2=0;
}
void setline(int x, int y, int xx, int yy)
{
pt::setco(x,y);
x2=xx;
y2=yy;
}
void drawsi() //Bresenham's Line
{
float x,y,dx,dy,e,temp;
int i,s1,s2,ex;
dx=abs(x2-xco);
dy=abs(y2-yco);
x=xco;
y=yco;
pt::setco(x,y);
pt::draw();
if(x2 > xco) //sign() function
{
s1=1;
}
if(x2 < xco)
{
s1=-1;
}
if(x2 == xco)
{
s1=0;
}
if(y2 > yco)
{
s2=1;
}
if(y2 < yco)
{
s2=-1;
}
if(y2 == yco)
{
s2=0;
}
if(dy > dx)
{
temp = dx;
dx = dy;
dy = temp;
ex = 1;
}
else
{
ex=0;
}
e=2*dy-dx; //decision variable
i=1;
do
{
while(e>=0)
{
if(ex==1)
{
x = x + s1;
}
else
{
y = y + s2;
}
e = e + 2*dy - 2*dx;
}
if(ex==1)
{
y = y + s2;
}
else
{
x = x + s1;
}
e = e + 2*dy;
pt::setco(x,y);
pt::draw();
i = i + 1;
}while(i<=dx);
}
void drawda() //Dash Line
{
float x,y,dx,dy,e,temp;
int i,s1,s2,ex, dash=0;
dx=abs(x2-xco);
dy=abs(y2-yco);
x=xco;
y=yco;
pt::setco(x,y);
pt::draw();
if(x2 > xco) //sign() function
{
s1=1;
}
if(x2 < xco)
{
s1=-1;
}
if(x2 == xco)
{
s1=0;
}
if(y2 > yco)
{
s2=1;
}
if(y2 < yco)
{
s2=-1;
}
if(y2 == yco)
{
s2=0;
}
if(dy > dx)
{
temp = dx;
dx = dy;
dy = temp;
ex = 1;
}
else
{
ex=0;
}
e=2*dy-dx; //decision variable
i=1;
do
{
dash=0;
if(dash<5)
{
while(e>=0)
{
if(ex==1)
{
x = x + s1;
}
else
{
y = y + s2;
}
e = e + 2*dy - 2*dx;
}
if(ex==1)
{
y = y + s2;
}
else
{
x = x + s1;
}
e = e + 2*dy;
pt::setco(x,y);
pt::draw();
i = i + 1;
dash = dash +1;
}
else
{
x = x + 2*s1;
y = y + 2*s2;
}
}while(i<=dx);
}
void drawdo() //Dotted Line
{
float x,y,dx,dy,e,temp;
int i,s1,s2,ex, dot=0;
dx=abs(x2-xco);
dy=abs(y2-yco);
x=xco;
y=yco;
pt::setco(x,y);
pt::draw();
if(x2 > xco) //sign() function
{
s1=1;
}
if(x2 < xco)
{
s1=-1;
}
if(x2 == xco)
{
s1=0;
}
if(y2 > yco)
{
s2=1;
}
if(y2 < yco)
{
s2=-1;
}
if(y2 == yco)
{
s2=0;
}
if(dy > dx)
{
temp = dx;
dx = dy;
dy = temp;
ex = 1;
}
else
{
ex=0;
}
e=2*dy-dx; //decision variable
i=1;
do
{
dot=0;
while(dot<5)
{
while(e>=0)
{
if(ex==1)
{
x = x + s1;
}
else
{
y = y + s2;
}
e = e + 2*dy - 2*dx;
}
if(ex==1)
{
y = y + s2;
}
else
{
x = x + s1;
}
e = e + 2*dy;
pt::setco(x,y);
pt::draw();
i = i + 1;
dot = dot +1;
}
}while(i<=dx);
}
void drawth(int x1,int y1, int x2, int y2,int colour ) //Thick Line
{
float x,y,dx,dy,e,temp;
int i,s1,s2,ex;
dx=abs(x2-xco);
dy=abs(y2-yco);
x=xco;
y=yco;
pt::setco(x,y);
pt::draw();
if(x2 > xco) //sign() function
{
s1=1;
}
if(x2 < xco)
{
s1=-1;
}
if(x2 == xco)
{
s1=0;
}
if(y2 > yco)
{
s2=1;
}
if(y2 < yco)
{
s2=-1;
}
if(y2 == yco)
{
s2=0;
}
if(dy > dx)
{
temp = dx;
dx = dy;
dy = temp;
ex = 1;
}
else
{
ex=0;
}
e=2*dy-dx; //decision variable
i=1;
do
{
while(e>=0)
{
if(ex==1)
{
x = x + s1;
}
else
{
y = y + s2;
}
e = e + 2*dy - 2*dx;
}
if(ex==1)
{
y = y + s2;
}
else
{
x = x + s1;
}
e = e + 2*dy;
pt::setco(x,y);
pt::draw();
i = i + 1;
}while(i<=dx); }
};
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm=VGAMAX;
int i, ch,x1,y1,x2,y2, dx,dy,xmax,ymax,xmid,ymid,wx,wy,th;
char a;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,NULL);
dline ls;
xmax = getmaxx();
ymax = getmaxy();
xmid = xmax /2;
ymid = ymax /2;
line(xmid,0,xmid,ymax); //Y co-ordinate
line(0,ymid,xmax,ymid); //X co-ordinate
do
{ xmax = getmaxx();
ymax = getmaxy();
xmid = xmax /2;
ymid = ymax /2;
cout<<"\nEnter Line Styles";
cout<<"\n1.SIMPLE..";
cout<<"\n2.DASH..";
cout<<"\n3.DOTTED..";
cout<<"\n4.THICK..";
cout<<"\n5.EXIT..";
cout<<"\nEnter your choice: ";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
cout<<"\n Enter x1: "; cin>>x1;
cout<<"\n Enter y1: "; cin>>y1;
cout<<"\n Enter x2: "; cin>>x2;
cout<<"\n Enter y2: "; cin>>y2;
ls.setline(x1+xmid,ymid-y1,x2+xmid,ymid-y2);
ls.drawsi();
break;
case 2:
cout<<"\n Enter x1: "; cin>>x1;
cout<<"\n Enter y1: "; cin>>y1;
cout<<"\n Enter x2: "; cin>>x2;
cout<<"\n Enter y2: "; cin>>y2;
ls.setline(x1+xmid,ymid-y1,x2+xmid,ymid-y2);
ls.drawda();
break;
case 3:
cout<<"\n Enter x1: "; cin>>x1;
cout<<"\n Enter y1: "; cin>>y1;
cout<<"\n Enter x2: "; cin>>x2;
cout<<"\n Enter y2: "; cin>>y2;
ls.setline(x1+xmid,ymid-y1,x2+xmid,ymid-y2);
ls.drawdo();
break;
case 4:
cout<<"\n Enter x1: "; cin>>x1;
cout<<"\n Enter y1: "; cin>>y1;
cout<<"\n Enter x2: "; cin>>x2;
cout<<"\n Enter y2: "; cin>>y2;
cout<<"Enter Thickness: ";
cin>>th;
ls.drawth(x1+xmid,ymid-y1,x2+xmid,ymid-y2,15);
if((y2-y1)/(x2-x1) <1)
{
wy=(th-1)*sqrt(pow((x2-x1),2)+pow((y2-y1),2))/(2*abs(x2-x1));
for(i=0;i<wy;i++)
{
ls.drawth(x1+xmid,ymid-y1-i,x2+xmid,ymid-y2-i,15);
ls.drawth(x1+xmid,ymid-y1+i,x2+xmid,ymid-y2+i,15);
}
}
else
{
wx=(th-1)*sqrt(pow((x2-x1),2)+pow((y2-y1),2))/(2*abs(y2-y1));
for(i=0;i<wx;i++)
{
ls.drawth(x1+xmid-i,ymid-y1,x2+xmid-i,ymid-y2,15);
ls.drawth(x1+xmid+i,ymid-y1,x2+xmid+i,ymid-y2,15);
}
}
break;
case 5:
exit;
break;
}
cout<<"\nDO U Want To Continue y OR n: ";
cin>>a;
}while(a!='n');
delay(3000);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assignment no: 07
//Write a program in Java/ Python to draw a line with line style (Thick, Thin, Dotted).
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class Lines extends JFrame{
public Lines(){
super("Line Styles");
setSize(400,400);
setVisible(true);
}
Stroke[] linestyles=new Stroke[]{
new BasicStroke(1.0f, BasicStroke.CAP_BUTT, BasicStroke.JOIN_BEVEL),
new BasicStroke(25.0f, BasicStroke.CAP_SQUARE, BasicStroke.JOIN_MITER),
new BasicStroke(1.0f, BasicStroke.CAP_ROUND, BasicStroke.JOIN_ROUND),};
Stroke thindashed=new BasicStroke(2.0f,BasicStroke.CAP_BUTT,BasicStroke.JOIN_BEVEL,1.0f, new float[] {8.0f,3.0f,2.0f,3.0f},0.0f);
final static float dash1[]={10.0f};
final static BasicStroke dashed =new BasicStroke(1.0f, BasicStroke.CAP_BUTT,BasicStroke.JOIN_MITER, 10.0f, dash1, 0.0f);
final static float thick1[]={10.0f};
final static BasicStroke thickdash =new BasicStroke(10.0f, BasicStroke.CAP_BUTT,BasicStroke.JOIN_MITER, 10.0f, thick1, 0.0f);
public void paint(Graphics g){
int xpoints[]={220,350,350,220};
int ypoints[]={220,220,320,320};
int npoints=4;
int xpoints1[]={60,120,180};
int ypoints1[]={320,220,320};
int npoints1=3;
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
super.paint(g);
((Graphics2D)g).setStroke(dashed);
g.setColor(Color.red);
g2d.drawLine(50,50,200,50);
g2d.setColor(Color.black);
g.drawString("Dashed Line", 210,55);
((Graphics2D)g).setStroke(thindashed);
g.setColor(Color.blue);
g2d.drawLine(50,90,200,90);
g2d.setColor(Color.black);
g.drawString("Thin Dashed Line", 210,95);
((Graphics2D)g).setStroke(thickdash);
g.setColor(Color.green);
g2d.drawLine(50,130,200,130);
g2d.setColor(Color.black);
g.drawString("Thick Dashed Line", 210,135);
((Graphics2D)g).setStroke(linestyles[0]);
g.setColor(Color.red);
g2d.drawLine(50,170,200,170);
g2d.setColor(Color.black);
g.drawString("Line", 210,175);
}
public static void main(String[] args){
Lines application = new Lines();
application.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assignment no: 08
//Write a C/C++ program to draw a convex polygons (Square, Rectangle, Triangle).
#include<iostream>
#include<graphics.h>
using namespace std;
class dline
{
protected: int x1,y1,x2,y2;
public:
dline()
{
x1=0,y1=0,x2=0,y2=0;
}
void step1()
{
cout<<"\n Enter x1: ";cin>>x1;
cout<<"\n Enter y1: ";cin>>y1;
}
void step2()
{
cout<<"\n Enter x2: ";cin>>x2;
cout<<"\n Enter y2: ";cin>>y2;
}
void drawl()
{
float x,y,dx,dy,len;
int i;
dx=abs(x2-x1);
dy=abs(y2-y1);
if(dx >= dy)
{
len=dx;
}
else
{
len=dy;
}
dx=(x2-x1)/len;
dy=(y2-y1)/len;
x = x1 + 0.5;
y = y1 + 0.5;
i=1;
while(i<=len)
{
putpixel(x,y,15);
x = x + dx;
y = y + dy;
i = i + 1;
}
putpixel(x,y,15);
}
};
class rect: public dline //Rectangle
{
private: int w,l;
public:
void setrect()
{
dline::step1();
cout<<"\n Enter width: ";cin>>w;
cout<<"\n Enter length: ";cin>>l;
}
void drawrect()
{
x2=x1;
y2=y1+w;
dline::drawl(); //left
x2=x1+l;
y2=y1;
dline::drawl(); //top
x1=x1;
y1=y1+w;
x2=x1+l;
y2=y1;
dline::drawl(); //bottom
x1=x1+l;
y1=y1-w;
x2=x1;
y2=y1+w;
dline::drawl(); //right
}
};
class square: public dline //Square
{
private: int l;
public:
void setsquare()
{
dline::step1();
cout<<"\n Enter length: ";cin>>l;
}
void drawsquare()
{
x2=x1;
y2=y1+l;
dline::drawl(); //left
x2=x1+l;
y2=y1;
dline::drawl(); //top
x1=x1;
y1=y1+l;
x2=x1+l;
y2=y1;
dline::drawl(); //bottom
x1=x1+l;
y1=y1-l;
x2=x1;
y2=y1+l;
dline::drawl(); //right
}
};
class triangle: public dline //Triangle
{
private: int x3,y3;
public:
void settri()
{
dline::step1();
dline::step2();
cout<<"\n Enter x3: ";cin>>x3;
cout<<"\n Enter y3: ";cin>>y3;
}
void drawtri()
{
int tempx,tempy;
dline::drawl();
tempx=x2;
x2=y2;
x2=x3;
y2=y3;
dline::drawl();
x1=tempx;
y1=tempy;
dline::drawl();
}
};
int main()
{
int gd=DETECT,gm=VGAMAX;
int i, x, y, r,ch, xmax,ymax,xmid,ymid;
char a;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,NULL);
rect r1;
square s;
triangle t;
do
{
cout<<"\nChoose polygon to draw";
cout<<"\n1.Rectangle..";
cout<<"\n2.Square..";
cout<<"\n3.Triangle..";
cout<<"\n4.EXIT..";
cout<<"\nEnter your choice: ";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
{
r1.setrect();
r1.drawrect();
break;
}
case 2:
{
s.setsquare();
s.drawsquare();
break;
}
case 3:
{
t.settri();
t.drawtri();
delay(3000);
break;
}
case 4:
exit;
break;
}
cout<<"\nDO U Want To Continue y OR n: ";
cin>>a;
}while(a!='n');
delay(3000);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assignment no: 09
//Write a C/C++ program to draw a convex polygons (Square, Rectangle, Triangle) using programmable edges.
#include<iostream>
#include<graphics.h>
using namespace std;
class dline
{
protected: int x1,y1,x2,y2;
public:
dline()
{
x1=0,y1=0,x2=0,y2=0;
}
void drawl()
{
float x,y,dx,dy,len;
int i;
dx=abs(x2-x1);
dy=abs(y2-y1);
if(dx >= dy)
{
len=dx;
}
else
{
len=dy;
}
dx=(x2-x1)/len;
dy=(y2-y1)/len;
x = x1 + 0.5;
y = y1 + 0.5;
i=1;
while(i<=len)
{
putpixel(x,y,15);
x = x + dx;
y = y + dy;
i = i + 1;
}
putpixel(x,y,15);
}
};
class poly: public dline //poly
{
private: int a[10][2],p;
public:
void setpts(int i)
{
int j;
for(j=0;j<i;j++)
{
cout<<"\n Enter x-coordinate: "<<j<<":";cin>>a[j][0];
cout<<"\n Enter y-coordinate: "<<j<<":";cin>>a[j][1];
}
}
void drawpoly(int i)
{
int j;
x1=a[0][0];
y1=a[0][1];
x2=a[1][0];
y2=a[1][1];
dline::drawl();
for(j=0;j<i-1;j++)
{
x1=a[j][0];
y1=a[j][1];
x2=a[j+1][0];
y2=a[j+1][1];
dline::drawl();
}
x1=a[j][0];
y1=a[j][1];
x2=a[0][0];
y2=a[0][1];
dline::drawl();
}
};
int main()
{
int n ,gd=DETECT,gm=VGAMAX;
initgraph(&gd,&gm,NULL);
poly shape;
cout<<"\nEnter number of slides: "; cin>>n;
shape.setpts(n);
shape.drawpoly(n);
delay(3000);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assignment no: 10
//Aim:Write a program in Java to draw a concave polygon.
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class Polygon extends JFrame{
public Polygon(){
super("Draw Square, Rectangle, Polygon");
setSize(400,400);
setVisible(true);
}
public void paint(Graphics g){
int xpoints[]={55,145,55,145,55};
int ypoints[]={55,55,145,145,55};
int npoints=5;
int xpoints1[]={250,300,350};
int ypoints1[]={100,50,100};
int npoints1=3;
Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
super.paint(g);
g.setColor(Color.red);
g.drawRect(55,150,90,150);
g.drawRect(150,150,200,200);
g2d.setColor(Color.blue);
g2d.drawLine(150,150,150,150);
g.drawPolygon(xpoints,ypoints,npoints);
g.drawPolygon(xpoints1,ypoints1,npoints1);
}
public static void main(String[] args){
Polygon application = new Polygon();
application.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}
}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assignment no: 11
// Write a C/C++ program to fill polygon using scan line algorithm.
//Scan line algorithm for filling polygon
#include<iostream>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
using namespace std;
struct edge
{
int x1,y1,x2,y2,flag;
};
int main()
{
int n,i,j,k,gd=DETECT,gm=VGAMAX, x[10],y[10],ymax=0,ymin=480,yy,temp;
struct edge ed[10],temped;
float dx,dy,m[10],x_int[10],inter_x[10];
initgraph(&gd,&gm,NULL);
cout<<"\n Enter the number of vertices of the graph: "; cin>>n;
cout<<"\n Enter the vertices: \n";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
cout<<"x"<<i<<":"; cin>>x[i];
cout<<"y"<<i<<":"; cin>>y[i];
if(y[i]>ymax)
ymax=y[i];
if(y[i]<ymin)
ymin=y[i];
ed[i].x1=x[i];
ed[i].y1=y[i];
}
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++) //store the edge information
{
ed[i].x2=ed[i+1].x1;
ed[i].y2=ed[i+1].y1;
ed[i].flag=0;
}
ed[i].x2=ed[0].x1;
ed[i].y2=ed[0].y1;
ed[i].flag=0;
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++) //check for y1>y2 if not interchange it
{
if(ed[i].y1<ed[i].y2)
{
temp=ed[i].x1;
ed[i].x1=ed[i].x2;
ed[i].x2=temp;
temp=ed[i].y1;
ed[i].y1=ed[i].y2;
ed[i].y2=temp;
}
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++) //draw polygon
{
line(ed[i].x1,ed[i].y1,ed[i].x2,ed[i].y2);
}
for(i=0;i<n-1;i++) //storing the edges as y1,y2,x1
{
for(j=0;j<n-1;j++)
{
if(ed[j].y1<ed[j+1].y1)
{
temped=ed[j];
ed[j]=ed[j+1];
ed[j+1]=temped;
}
if(ed[j].y1==ed[j+1].y1)
{
if(ed[j].y2<ed[j+1].y2)
{
temped=ed[j];
ed[j]=ed[j+1];
ed[j+1]=temped;
}
if(ed[j].y2==ed[j+1].y2)
{
if(ed[j].x1<ed[j+1].x1)
{
temped=ed[j];
ed[j]=ed[j+1];
ed[j+1]=temped;
}
}
}
}
}
for(i=0;i<n;i++) //calculate 1/slope
{
dx=ed[i].x2-ed[i].x1;
dy=ed[i].y2-ed[i].y1;
if(dy==0)
m[i]=0;
else
m[i]=dx/dy;
inter_x[i]=ed[i].x1;
}
yy=ymax;
while(yy>ymin) //Mark active edges
{
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(yy>ed[i].y2 && yy<=ed[i].y1 && ed[i].y1!=ed[i].y2)
ed[i].flag=1;
else
ed[i].flag=0;
}
j=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++) //Finding x intersections
{
if(ed[i].flag==1)
{
if(yy==ed[i].y1)
{
x_int[j]=ed[i].x1;
j++;
if(ed[i-1].y1==yy&&ed[i-1].y1<yy)
{
x_int[j]=ed[i].x1;
j++;
}
if(ed[i+1].y1==yy&&ed[i+1].y1<yy)
{
x_int[j]=ed[i].x1;
j++;
}
}
else
{
x_int[j]=inter_x[i]+(-m[i]);
inter_x[i]=x_int[j];
j++;
}
}
}
for(i=0;i<j;i++) //sorting the x intersections
{
for(k=0;k<j-1;k++)
{
if(x_int[k]>x_int[k+1])
{
temp=x_int[k];
x_int[k]=x_int[k+1];
x_int[k+1]=temp;
}
}
}
for(i=0;i<j;i+=2) //Extracting x values to draw a line
{
line(x_int[i],yy,x_int[i+1],yy);
}
yy--;
} //end of while loop
delay(3000);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assignment no: 12
//Aim: Draw a line using OpenGL
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
const float PI=3.14;
void LineWithDDA(int x0,int y0,int x1,int y1)
{
glPointSize(2.0);
glBegin(GL_POINTS);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
int dx,dy,steps,i;
float x,y;
float xinc,yinc;
dy=y1-y0;
dx=x1-x0;
y=y0;
x=x0;
if(abs(dx)>=abs(dy))
{
steps=dx;
}
else
{
steps=dy;
}
xinc=(float)dx/steps;
yinc=(float)dy/steps;
glVertex2d(x,y);
for(i=1;i<steps;i++)
{
x+=xinc;
y+=yinc;
x0=floor(x);
y0=floor(y);
glVertex2d(x,y);
}
glEnd();
}
void init(void)
{
glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,0.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(0,800,0,600,0,600);
}
void display(void)
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
LineWithDDA(0,0,800,600);
LineWithDDA(0,600,800,0);
LineWithDDA(0,300,800,300);
LineWithDDA(400,0,400,600);
LineWithDDA(0,150,800,450);
LineWithDDA(0,450,800,150);
LineWithDDA(200,0,600,600);
LineWithDDA(600,0,200,600);
glutSwapBuffers();
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
glutInit(&argc,argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_RGB);
glutInitWindowSize(800,600);
glutInitWindowPosition(100,100);
glutCreateWindow("DDA Line Drawing!");
init();
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <GL/glut.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
const float PI=3.14;
int sign(float arg)
{
if(arg<0)
{
return -1;
}
else if(arg==0)
{
return 0;
}
else
{
return 1;
}
}
void LineWithBrasenham(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2)
{
glPointSize(2.0);
glBegin(GL_POINTS);
glColor3f(0.0,0.0,0.0);
int s1,s2,exchange,y,x,i;
float dx,dy,g,temp;
dx=abs(x2-x1);
dy=abs(y2-y1);
x=x1;
y=y1;
s1=sign(x2-x1);
s2=sign(y2-y1);
if(dy>dx)
{
temp=dx;
dx=dy;
dy=temp;
exchange=1;
}
else
{
exchange=0;
}
g=2*dy-dx;
i=1;
while(i<=dx)
{
glVertex2d(x,y);
while(g>=0)
{
if(exchange==1)
{
x=x+s1;
}
else
{
y=y+s2;
}
g=g-2*dx;
}
if(exchange==1)
{
y=y+s2;
}
else
{
x=x+s1;
}
g=g+2*dy;
i++;
}
glEnd();
}
void init(void)
{
glClearColor(1.0,1.0,1.0,0.0);
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
glOrtho(0,800,0,600,0,600);
}
void display(void)
{
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
LineWithBrasenham(100,300,700,300);
LineWithBrasenham(400,100,400,500);
glutSwapBuffers();
}
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
glutInit(&argc,argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_DOUBLE|GLUT_RGB);
glutInitWindowSize(800,600);
glutInitWindowPosition(100,100);
glutCreateWindow("Brasenham Line Drawing!");
init();
glutDisplayFunc(display);
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
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